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Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) produced by Bacillus brevis carrying pNU212-CTB has been previously found to be a potent mucosal adjuvant to aluminium-non-adsorbed tetanus toxoid (nTT) and diphtheria toxoid (nDT) co-administered intranasally, and the possibility of needle-free inoculation of these vaccines with rCTB has been suggested. In this paper we examined the potentiality of rCTB...
An alternative strategy for pre-exposure rabies vaccination to the institutional recommendations of the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is proposed based on recent long-term follow-up of post-vaccinal seroconversion rates. The alternative strategy uses the same primary series (i.e. vaccination in the deltoid area on D0, D7, and D28), but is completed by...
The recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the surface protein of Neospora caninum tachyzoite, NcSAG1 or NcSRS2, were constructed. The vaccination with these recombinant viruses could protect effectively the parasite invasion in a mouse model system. The vaccine efficacy of NcSRS2 was higher than that of NcSAG1. The present study indicated that a high level of IgG1 Ab production to parasite is important...
Seven children were followed for up to 42 days post-vaccination with live mumps vaccine and 37 throat swabs were obtained serially. Viral genomic RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the phosphoprotein (P) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) regions. Virus isolation was also attempted. Genomic differentiation of detected mumps virus genome was performed...
To evaluate the utility of plasmid DNA vaccination against disease caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), we compared the strength of protection against lethal challenge following natural virus infection with that following vaccination with a plasmid encoding HSV glycoprotein gD (gD-DNA). We further determined the cellular basis of each type of protection using lymphocyte deficient knockout mice. Establishment...
Asthma may result from excessive Th-2 response in children not previously exposed to Th-1-inducing infections. We tested the hypothesis that BCG vaccination in Th-2-susceptible newborn BP2 mice blocks allergic inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). Ten day-old BP2 mice received 10 5 CFU of BCG 1173P2 intranasally (IN), and 6, 10 or 14 weeks thereafter were sensitized with 100 μg...
It is reported here that the PorB3 porin proteins of serotype 4 and 15 are poorly accessible for antibody binding on live Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, whereas the allelic PorB2 and the PorA outer membrane protein appear to be highly accessible. This was revealed by flow cytometry analysis using several mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as well as PorB3 specific antibodies isolated from post vaccination...
Protection against a lethal influenza B virus infection was examined in BALB/c mice immunized with plasmid DNAs encoding hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA and NB) and nucleoprotein (NP) from the B/Ibaraki/2/85 virus. Each DNA vaccine was administered twice, 3 weeks apart, at a dose of 1 μg per mouse by particle-mediated DNA transfer to the epidermis (gene gun) or at a dose of 30 μg per mouse by...
Vaccine strategies that utilize cell mediated immunity to control infection will be a necessary component of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines. In previous studies we have shown that a Listeria monocytogenes recombinant expressing HIV-Gag elicits strong CD8 + and CD4 + T cell responses against HIV Gag in addition to its own secreted proteins. Here, we show that Lm-Gag can...
Fungizone added to agar overlay medium inhibited plaque formation in both size and number by rubella virus in rabbit kidney 13 cells. In the presence of 1 μg/ml of Fungizone, the diameter of the plaques was reduced to one half of that in the absence of the drug, and at 5 μg/ml, plaque formation was inhibited by 80%. When the drug was added to the culture medium, the growth of infectious virus was...
Four eukaryotic expression plasmids containing the entire E2 gene sequence of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) were constructed: (a) pcDST, with 5' signal and 3' transmembrane sequences; (b) pcDSW, with 5' signal sequence only; (c) pcDWT, with transmembrane sequences only; and (d) pcDWW, containing the E2 gene alone. All four plasmids were readily transfected into BHK-21 cells, with pcDST and pcDSW...
We examined correlations between serum antibody levels to determine whether individuals with low levels of antibody to one component of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine were also likely to have low antibody levels to the other MMR vaccine components. Our results indicate that children who had a low antibody level to one component of the MMR vaccine had a modest probability of having a...
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading infectious cause of mental retardation in children. Using seroprevalence data from two large antenatal populations (in excess of 14 000 women) coupled with a mathematical modelling approach, we have shown that CMV has a low force of infection (ca. 0.03 per seronegative per annum) and its basic reproductive number R 0 is relatively modest...
We have developed a rapid and inexpensive approach to remove unconjugated protein from protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines, without using gel filtration or ultrafiltration. We employ porous particles that adsorb the protein, whether bound or free, but with a pore size that allows only the unconjugated protein to enter the particle. Using limited amounts of media there is preferential binding...
In vivo delivery of DNA encoding antigens is a simple tool to induce immune responses against pathogens. This approach to vaccination also offers the possibility to codeliver plasmids encoding immunomodulatory molecules in order to drive immune responses towards optimal protective effects. In the murine model of Schistosoma mansoni infection, vaccination inducing a Th1 profile has been shown to be...
The Hardjoprajitno strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was subjected to different hydrostatic pressures. Complete inactivation occurred when the leptospires were treated with 2 kbar for 60 min. Electron microscopy showed dislocation of the outer membrane, partial loss of the helical shape and extrusion of the axial filament from the cytoplasmic cylinder of the pressurized leptospires....
A common cross-neutralization epitope for human papillomavirus types 6 and 16 (HPV 6 and 16) is present in the region of amino acids (aa) 108–120 of HPV-16 minor capsid protein, L2. We nasally immunized Balb/c mice with a synthetic peptide with the 13 aa HPV 16 L2 sequence, and examined the antibodies elicited. ELISA showed that the immunization induced predominantly IgG and IgA antibodies cross-binding...
Background: One-third of Thai children experience a dog bite by the time they are 15 years old, and HIV-1 infection in children is also not uncommon. Previous study has shown that rabies vaccination of HIV-1-infected children may not result in a satisfactory antibody response when CD4+ T cells are less than 15%. The objective of this prospective clinical study is to evaluate the immunologic response...
Measles still causes high mortality in children younger than 1 year of age. Administration of high titre measles vaccines before 7 months of age led to increased overall mortality, raising questions as to the immunological effects of measles vaccine in young infants. We investigated the immune response to standard titre vaccines given to children in Bangladesh in a single dose at age 9 months, or...
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